A tight end is the hybrid position in football: big enough to block a defensive end, fast enough to run routes against a safety. No other position is asked to do both jobs on consecutive plays.
Where He Lines Up
Traditionally attached to the end of the offensive line, hence the name. Modern offenses move him around: split out wide like a receiver, in the slot, in the backfield as an H-back, or in the classic spot next to the tackle. Where he lines up often tells the defense what is coming, which is why good coordinators vary it.
The Two Jobs
Blocking. In the run game he seals the edge or blocks down on a defensive end. In pass protection he may chip a rusher before releasing into a route, or stay in to help a tackle against a speed rusher.
Receiving. He runs the intermediate part of the field: seams, crossers, out routes and in the red zone. The routes are shorter than a receiver’s, and the catches are more often contested.
Why He Creates Problems
This is the whole point of the position. A linebacker covering a good tight end is usually too slow. A safety covering him is usually too small. The offense gets to choose which mismatch to attack, and the defense has to decide before the snap which one it can live with.
That is also why defenses added the nickel back and why hybrid safeties became valuable: someone has to cover these players.
Two Types
Teams increasingly carry both. A receiving tight end is essentially a big slot receiver who blocks when he must. A blocking tight end is closer to a sixth lineman who occasionally catches a short pass. Carrying both lets an offense keep the same personnel on the field regardless of down.
In the Red Zone
The field shortens near the goal line, which removes the deep threat and makes size the decisive advantage. Tight ends score a disproportionate share of touchdowns for that reason.
Related
All football positions · The nickel defense · Cornerback vs. safety
The Bottom Line
Block like a lineman, catch like a receiver, and force the defense to choose between a linebacker who cannot keep up and a safety who cannot match up.