Tag Up Rule in Baseball: When Runners Can Advance on a Fly Ball

Tagging up means a runner must be touching his base when a fly ball is caught before he can try to advance. He is allowed to leave the moment a fielder first touches the ball, not when the catch is secured. If a runner leaves early, the defense can appeal by throwing to that base, and he is called out. Tagging up is how runners score on a sacrifice fly.

Rule explained
The tag up rule at a glance
What runners must do on a caught fly ball
When it applies
Any fly ball or line drive caught in the airFair or foul
What the runner must do
Be in contact with his base after the ball is first touched
When he can leave
As soon as a fielder first touches the ballHe does not have to wait for a clean catch
Leaving early
He can be put out on appealThe defense touches the base or tags him before the next pitch
Ball not caught
No need to tag upRunners run freely once it drops
Doubled off
A runner who strays and cannot get back before the ball does is outA common way to turn a double play on a line drive
Foul fly balls
Runners may tag up and advance on a caught foul pop too
Summarized from the Official Baseball Rules.

Common Tag Up Situations

Situation What usually happens
Runner on third, fewer than two outs, deep fly Runner tags and scores for a sacrifice fly
Runner on second, deep fly to right Runner tags and takes third, since it is a long throw
Runner on first, routine fly Runner holds; stealing second on a tag is rare
Line drive caught at an infielder Runner has to scramble back or be doubled off
Two outs No tagging; the catch ends the inning, so runners go on contact

The Appeal Play

Umpires do not call a runner out for leaving early on their own. The defense has to appeal, usually by throwing the ball to the base the runner left or by tagging the runner, before the next pitch. That is why you sometimes see a pitcher step off and throw to third after a run scores on a fly ball.

Related

What is a sacrifice fly · Distance between bases · Baseball slang glossary

Rules summarized from the MLB official rules.