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The tag up rule explained: when a runner must retouch his base, when he can leave, what happens if he leaves early, and common tag up situations.

A complete game explained: what counts as one, how shutouts and rain shortened games fit in, and why starting pitchers rarely finish games anymore.

A sacrifice fly explained: when a fly ball counts as a sac fly, why the batter gets an RBI but no at bat, and how it affects on base percentage.

Errors explained: when an official scorer charges an error, what does not count as one, how errors create unearned runs, and how to read E6 in a box score.

Launch angle explained: the angle of the ball off the bat, the ranges for grounders, line drives, fly balls and pop ups, and the sweet spot.

Spin rate explained: how fast a pitch rotates, average rpm for fastballs, curveballs, sliders and changeups, and why spin changes how pitches move.

wRC+ explained: what weighted runs created plus measures, why 100 is average, what counts as good, and why it beats batting average and OPS.

Exit velocity explained: how fast the ball comes off the bat, the MLB average, what counts as a hard hit ball, and how it pairs with launch angle.

FIP explained: the fielding independent pitching formula, what counts as a good FIP, and how it compares with ERA as a measure of pitching.

BABIP explained: the formula for batting average on balls in play, the league average, what counts as good or bad, and why it signals luck.